fig1

Figure 1. Recent representative examples of advanced epidermal electrodes (2017-2023). Material examples: (A) conductive polymer and ionic liquids^[18]; (B) liquid metals^[19]; (C) supramolecular elastomer^[20]; (D) low dimensional nanomaterials^[21]; and (E) hydrogels^[22]. Property examples: (F) ultrathinness and gas-permeability^[50]; (G) biocompatibility and stretchability^[53]; (H) self-adhesiveness^[44]; (I) ultra-conformability^[13]; and (J) biodegradability^[62]. Application examples: (K) HMIs^[55]; (L) wireless health monitoring^[18]; (M) HMIs^[70]; (N) adaptable wearable system^[71]; and (O) muscle theranostic^[21]. Figure 1A adapted with permission from ref.^[18]. Copyright 2023 Elsevier; Figure 1B adapted with permission from ref.^[19]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society; Figure 1C adapted with permission from ref.^[20]. Copyright 2023 John Wiley and Sons; Figure 1D adapted with permission from ref.^[21]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society; Figure 1E adapted with permission from ref.^[22]. Copyright 2022 Springer Nature; Figure 1F adapted with permission from ref.^[50]. Copyright 2017 Springer Nature; Figure 1G adapted with permission from ref.^[53]. Copyright 2021 Springer Nature; Figure 1H adapted with permission from ref.^[44]. Copyright 2021 National Academy of Sciences; Figure 1I adapted with permission from ref.^[13]. Copyright 2020 Springer Nature; Figure 1J adapted with permission from ref.^[62]. Copyright 2023 John Wiley and Sons; Figure 1K adapted with permission from ref.^[55]. Copyright 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science; Figure 1L adapted with permission from ref.^[18]. Copyright 2023 Elsevier; Figure 1M adapted with permission from ref.^[70]. Copyright 2020 John Wiley and Sons; Figure 1N adapted with permission from ref.^[71]. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society; Figure 1O adapted with permission from ref.^[21]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. EG: Ethylene glycol; HMIs: human-machine interfaces; LiTFSI: bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt; PEDOT: poly(ethylenedioxythiophene); PSS: poly(styrenesulfonate).