fig5

Figure 5. Chemical sensing (A) Sweat sensing, Reproduced with permission^[155], Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd; (B) Electrochemical sensing, Reproduced with permission^[86], Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; (C and D) Sweat marker sensing, Reproduced with permission^[39,156], Copyright 2023, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; (E and F) Glucose sensing, Reproduced with permission^[81,161], Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons; Inc. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (G) Lactic acid and glucose sensing, Reproduced with permission^[162], Copyright 2021, Springer Nature; (H) Ph sensing, Reproduced with permission^[163], Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V. ADC: Analog-to-digital converter; HNGM: hybrid nanogenerator modules; Gox: glucose oxidase; LIG: laser-induced graphene; MFCM: micropig franz cell membrane; PB: prussian blue; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; PI: polyimide; PLA: polylactic acid; PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylene; rGO: reduced graphene oxide; SPSC: self-powered solidstate supercapacitors.