fig16

Figure 16. (A) Top: Transmission electron microscope images of the purified protein nanowires. Scale bars, 100 nm. Bottom: diagram of the device. (B) A continuous recording of open-circuit voltage from a device for more than two months. (C) The moisture adsorption ratio (W_H2O) in nanowire films is plotted against film thickness (d) at an ambient RH of roughly 50%. (D) Diagram showing a vertical moisture gradient in the nanowire film. (E) ifference in moisture adsorption (ΔW_H2O) and output voltage plotted against d. (F) A residual open-circuit voltage of about 0.8 V was measured from a pair of top electrodes in a nanowire device with half of the top surface covered by a glass slide. (G) Schematic of the structure and fabrication process of the AHS. (H) Surface potential distributions of the AHS. (I) Schematic of the wet-dry interface in an AHS after water absorption. (J) Energy conversion pathways in the AHS based on cations adsorption on carbon surface for EDL formation. (K) The correlation between V_oc, I_sc and the measuring distance (x) between wet-carbon and dry-carbon. (L) V_oc of an AHS under constant ambient conditions. (M) Schematic of the moisture-induced self-charging mechanism. (N) V_oc and (O) I_sc of the device. (A-F) Reprint with permission Ref.^[95]. Copyright 2020, The Author(s), Springer Nature. (G-L) Reprint with permission Ref.^[97]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH GmbH. (M-O) Reprint with permission Ref.^[99]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.