fig14

Figure 14. (A) Schematic of an IHMEG device and its functional components. (B) Schematic of the asymmetric moisture stimulus-induced potential in an IHMEG. (C) V_oc (red curve) of an IHMEG device over time under an open ambient environment. The ambient relative humidity (blue curve) and temperature (black curve) were synchronously recorded. (D) Left: Schematic of the gradient distribution of ClO₄^- in gradient-3D-PPy. Middle: Free Li⁺ ions were ionized by adsorbed water vapor and caused a density gradient of Li⁺ ions. Right: In the desorption process of water vapor, the recombination of Li⁺ ions and ClO₄^- reduced the potential, resulting in a reverse electron flow in the external circuit. (E and F) voltage and current of the g-3D-PPy framework in response to a periodic RH variation (ΔRH = 85%). (A-C) Reprint with permission from Ref.^[91]. Copyright 2022, The Authors, Wiley-VCH. (D-F) Reprint with permission from Ref.^[92]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH.