fig5

Figure 5. Structural evaluation of composite films after burning. (A) Digital photographs of PCNF/CS₁₅-M_5.0 film before/after being exposed to butane flame. Cross-sectional SEM images of (B) PCNF/CS₁₅-M_5.0 and (C) PCNF films after flame attack. (D) C1s, (E) P2p and (F) Ti2p XPS spectra of PCNF/CS₁₅-M_5.0 film after burning.