fig9

Figure 9. Wearable sensors for proteins. (A) A scheme of a stretchable electrochemical immunosensor fabricated on a three-dimensional (3D) micro-patterned elastomeric substrate and probe proteins (TNF-α Ab) immobilized on the working electrode. (B) Calibration curves of the TNF-α immunosensor (n = 3) measured in the undiluted human serum. Reproduced with permission^[74]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. (C) Schematic illustration of aptamer-based graphene field effect transistor (GFET) for sensing IL-6 with the effect of the applied external electric field. (D) Transfer curves of GFET sensor when exposed to varying concentrations of IL-6. Reproduced under the terms and conditions of the CC BY^[76]. Copyright 2021, Author(s), published by MDPI. (E) Illustration of a biomarker analytical dressing applied onto an open wound of a patient and schematic of the immunosensor for detection of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, S. aureus, pH, and temperature. PANI: Polyaniline; MB: methylene blue; RE: reference electrode; CE: counter electrode. (F) Schematic of the sensing mechanism of the aptasensors for cytokine and bacteria detection, respectively. (G) Weekly assessment of pH, S. aureus, IL-6, IL-8, TNF- α, and TGF- β1 by the immunosensor for each patient and correlation matrices of parameters assessed by the immunosensor (pH, S. aureus, IL-6, IL-8, TNF- α, and TGF- β1) and the wound size over a 5-week period. Reproduced with permission^[77]. Copyright 2021, American Association for the Advancement of Science.